Serving the citizens and residents of any country has formed the main function of governments over the years. Over time, these services have evolved because of the development of the necessities of life, urban growth, and the variables that appear in the social aspects of health, education, entertainment, and others.

They also evolved with factors of economic transformations, transportation and communications, whether on land, sea and air. The emergence of information and communication technologies has witnessed rapid developments in all previous fields until we reached the era of e-government and its synonyms, such as smart, interconnected, or digital governments etc.

Technological development gave governments tremendous capabilities to provide unprecedented services we did not dream of before. Governments have become obsessed with the sustainable development of their services they provide to their citizens, institutions, visitors, and foreign organizations they have various type of relations with.